2 pounds fresh asparagus, trimmed
3/4 cup mayonnaise
1 ounce pecorino cheese, grated (about 1/4 cup), plus more for garnish
2 teaspoons Dijon mustard
2 teaspoons water
1 teaspoon anchovy paste or 3 anchovy fillets, mashed into a paste
1/2 teaspoon grated lemon zest plus 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
1/2 teaspoon black pepper, plus more for garnish
1/4 teaspoon kosher salt
1 large garlic clove, grated
1/2 cup chopped smoked almonds
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil over high. Meanwhile, fill a large bowl with ice water. Add asparagus to boiling water, and cook until crisp-tender, about 2 minutes. Transfer asparagus to ice water, and let cool completely, about 5 minutes. Drain and pat dry using paper towels; transfer asparagus to a serving platter.
Whisk together mayonnaise, pecorino, mustard, 2 teaspoons water, anchovy paste, lemon zest and juice, pepper, salt, and garlic in a small bowl until well combined. Drizzle dressing evenly over asparagus. Sprinkle with chopped smoked almonds and additional pecorino and pepper.